BS (Bachelor of Science) or BA (Bachelor of Arts)

Classes include foundational medical school prerequisites.

Gain more experience, strengthen candidacies, and/or take a break from education.

Known as undergraduate medical education.

Includes both classroom and clinical instruction.

Can be taken at either a DO or MD school

1. Some medical schools will have accelerated or integrated programs that allow for students to complete medical school in three years
2. Dual degree programs: 0-2 additional years for any MD with a masters degree, and 8 total for a MD-PhD)

Known as graduate medical education.

Hands-on training within chosen medical specialty.

Residency lengths vary by specialty.

Specialized training after residency, such as cardiology, hematology/oncology, or geriatrics.

Requirements differ by state. Practicing physicians must continue training to learn of new advances or maintain prior knowledge