GRAMMAR REVIEW
REGULAR -ar / -er / -ir verbs: A REVIEW:
- -ar verbs have an accent ONLY in yo and él/ella/usted.
- -er / -ir verbs have the same conjugation.
- -ar / -er verbs that have a stem change in the present do NOT change in the preterite. For example:
- verbs with stem-change e --> ie, such as cerrar, entender, pensar (en), perder, DO NOT CHANGE.
- verbs with stem-change o --> ue, such as acostar(se), encontrar, despertar(se), mostrar, recordar, volver (a/de), DO NOT CHANGE.
- OJO: jugar is the only u --> ue verb and it DOES NOT CHANGE.
REGULAR -ar / -er / -ir verbs:
-ar |
-er |
-ir |
|
cantar to sing |
beber to drink |
escribir to write |
|
yo |
canté |
bebí |
escribí |
tú |
cantaste |
bebiste |
escribisteis |
él/ella/usted |
cantó |
bebió |
escribió |
nosotros |
cantamos |
bebimos |
escribimos |
vosotros |
cantasteis |
bebisteis |
escribisteis |
ellos/ellas/ustedes |
cantaron |
bebieron |
escribieron |
IRREGULAR VERBS. First group A: verbs that end in -car / -gar / -zar with orthographic change in yo
- These verbs keep the conjugation of the regular verbs. The only difference is the orthographic change in yo: c --> qu, g--> gu, z--> c
- -car / -gar / -zar are accentuated ONLY in yo and él/ella/usted.
- REMEMBER: ar / -er verbs that have a stem change in the present do NOT change in the preterite:
- verbs with stem-change e --> ie, such as cerrar, entender, pensar (en), perder, DO NOT CHANGE.
- verbs with stem-change o --> ue, such as acostar(se), encontrar, despertar(se), mostrar, recordar, volver (a/de), DO NOT CHANGE.
- OJO: jugar is the only u --> ue verb and it DOES NOT CHANGE.
c—>qu |
g—>gu |
z—>c |
| explicar | jugar | empezar |
| expliqué | jugué | empecé |
| explicaste | jugaste | empezaste |
| explicó | jugó | empezó |
| explicamos | jugamos | empezamos |
| explicasteis | jugasteis | empezasteis |
| explicaron | jugaron | empezaron |
More -car / -gar / -zar verbs:
c —> qu |
g —> gu |
z —> c |
atacar (to
attack) |
apagar (to
turn off) |
alcanzar (to
attain) |
buscar (to
look for) |
colgar (to
hang) |
almorzar (to
eat lunch) |
sacar (to
take out) |
entregar (to
hand in/over, to deliver) |
avanzar (to
advance) |
tocar (to
touch or play an instrument) |
negar (to
deny) |
comenzar (to
begin) |
pagar (to
pay) |
IRREGULAR VERBS. First group B: verbs with change [i --> y] in él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes
- [i --> y] verbs keep the conjugation of the regular verbs. The only difference is the orthographic change in él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes
- all the persons have accent EXCEPT the 3rd person plural: ellos/ellas/ustedes
Verbs that end in -uir follow the same pattern as above EXCEPT that ONLY yo and él/ella/usted, carry on an accent.
huir to flee |
construir to construct/build |
|
yo |
huí |
construí |
tú |
huiste |
construiste |
él/ella/usted |
huyó |
construyó |
nosotros |
huimos |
construimos |
vosotros |
huisteis |
construisteis |
ellos/ellas/ustedes |
huyeron |
construyeron |
IRREGULAR VERBS. First group C: verbs with change [e --> i in the stem] in él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes
- Stem-changing verbs in the present that end in -ir change in the preterite ONLY in the 3rd persons singular and plural..
- Verbs with e --> i change in the stem:
divertir (se)
to have funpreferir
to preferseguir
to followme divertí preferí seguí te divertiste preferiste seguiste se divirtió prefirió siguió nos divertimos preferimos seguimos os divertisteis preferisteis seguisteis se divirtieron prefirieron siguieron
- More e --> i verbs: conseguir / despedir(se) / repetir / sentir(se) / servir / vestir(se)
- OJO: unlike the above verbs REÍR(SE) has accents on all the persons except 3rd person plural.
IRREGULAR VERBS. First group D: verbs with change [o --> u in the stem] in él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes
- Stem-changing verbs in the present that end in -ir change in the preterite ONLY in the 3rd persons singular and plural..
- Verbs with o --> u change in the stem:
dormir morir dormí morí dormiste moriste durmió murió dormimos morimos dormisteis moristeis durmieron murieron
© All Rights Reserved. 2006 Asima F.X. Saad Maura