Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine
Taylor and Francis Publishers, London, 2002
ISBN 0415301718 (paperback)
ISBN 0415299632 (hardcopy)
Read about it online at:
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Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine Taylor and Francis Publishers, London, 2002 ISBN 0415301718 (paperback) ISBN 0415299632 (hardcopy) Read about it online at: |
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This website features additional materials for teaching with the textbook. Click on the following links to find out more, or email the author. Be sure to check out my course website for sample syllabi and assignments, interesting medical physics weblinks and others ideas. I am presently (spring 2008) working on a second edition, to go to press in early summer. Please contact me soon if you have any changes or improvements that should go in the editions for next fall: email the author
Contact Taylor and Francis for complimentary instructor's copies and email the author for the solutions manual and ideas for additional exam and homework problems. (Note that the textbook originally had a working title of Inner Vision: The Physics of Medical Technology.)
Check out this website on biomedical applications problems for introductory physics, courtesy of the NSF Galileo project.
Medical Physics Instructional Laboratories
Errata (to be updated as they are discovered--please send me email if you learn about new ones)
Table of Contents
1. Introduction and Overview 2. Fantastic Voyage: Fiber Optics and
Endoscopes 3. Lasers in Medicine: Healing with Light 4. Seeing with Sound
5. X-ray Vision: Diagnostic X-rays and CT Scans 6. Images and Radioactivity:
Radionucleotide scans, SPECT, and PET 7. Radiation Therapy and Radiation
Safety in Medicine 8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Solutions Index
1) Figure P2.2(a) on page 39 is missing a line at the top. It should look like a helical tube throughout.
2) The energy units of electron-Volts (eV) are used in the caption to Fig. 3.7 on page 51 without being defined in the text. The text should include the definition: "One electron-Volt (1 eV) is equal to 1.60 x 10^-19 Joules, so a chemical bond energy of 6.4 x 10-19 J is equal to 4 eV."
3) Equation (4.6) has a typo at the bottom of page 97. In the equation for the transmitted intensity, istead of "100" it should read "100%".
4) Problem 4.3 should be done using the speed of sound of 1540 m/s. It should include a note that the distances obtained using echo times of several milliseconds will be too large to correspond to distances within the body.
5) Problem 4.5: students can assume a beam width several times the wavelength assumed, since this exercise uses estimation rather than exact values. The goal is to get a ballpark time for doing a typical abdominal scan, and to apreciate the challenges involved in 3D imaging.
6) Page 155: In Table 5.1, the units for density should be g/cm^3 not g/cm^(-1)
7) Half-lives have units of minutes in Table 6-4.
8) Page 242: mSv are used before their definition on page 243.
9) Page 244: Equation (7.3) should read: Phi = (radiation absorbed by target organ)/(radiation emitted by source organ)
10) Page 259, Fig. 7.8a. This figure was accurately adapted from the data in Fig. VI on page 157 of the UNSCEAR 1994 Report Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, as noted in the text. The units of ERR are defined in that figure as (1/Sv), which is perplexing if ERR is defined as a dimensionless number. The problem is that UNSCEAR's report defines the same symbol, ERR, in two different ways, and I did not catch this when reproducing this figure: as excess relative risk (a dimensionless quantity), and as excess relative risk per unit dose, with units (1/Sv). (See page 20 of the UNSCEAR report cited in the text.) Thanks to James S. Meyer for pointing this out.
11) There is an error in the text on page 18, in the sample calculation. The statement in the second paragraph "note that since the ray travels from a faster speed of light (higher index) medium into a slower (lower index) medium..." should be replaced with, "note that since the ray travels from a slower speed of light (higher index) medium into a faster (lower index) medium..."
12) One person suggested rephrasing something she found confusing: "on page 307, when you say "steps (2) to (4) to map the new slice", I would say "steps (2) THROUGH (4)".
13) On Table 6.4 (page 228) the half-lives given are in units of minutes.
Useful Articles:
Useful Books in addition to those listed in the book's bibliography:
Biomedical Applications of Introductory Physics, J.A. Tuszynski, J.M. Dixon, J. Wiley & Sons, 2002.
Physics of the Human Body, Irving P. Herman, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007.
Physics in Biology and Medicine, Paul Davidovits, Academic Press, 2008.
Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology (excellent, but more advanced), Russel K. Hobbie and Bradley J. Roth, Springer-Verlag, 2007.
Physics with Illustrative Examples from Medicine and Biology, volumes 1, 2, and 3. George B. Benedek and Felix M.H. Villars, AIP Press, 2000.
While I have not checked out these textbooks personally, others have recommended their use for their coverage of medical physics & biophysics topics:
General Physics, 2nd Edition, Morton M. Sternheim, Joseph W. Kane (J. Wiley & Sons, 1991).
College Physics, Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarthy Richardson, Robert C. Richardson (McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2004).
Physics, James S. Walker (Person/Prentice Hall, 2004).
Check out this website on biomedical applications problems for introductory physics, courtesy of the NSF Galileo project.
The Vision of Modern Medicine, Science
Television ; written, edited and directed by Jeff
Hildebrandt; Publisher: Morris Plains, N.J. : Distributed by Lucerne Media,
c1993. 1 videocassette (29 min. 14 sec.)
21st Century Medicine: Operating in the Future
; producer/director, Bill Hayes ; director, Jim Colman ; writer, Mona Kanin
; produced for Discovery Health by Advanced Medical Productions, Inc. ; a production
of Discovery Health
Channel; New York, NY : Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc.[distributor], 2001. [First
half covers diagnostic laparoscopic surgery, ductoscopy, endoscopic cardiac
surgery; second half covers brain surgery and telepresence medicine.]
The Operation: Knee Surgery (VHS) The Learning Channel, Discovery Communications, 1993.[Repair of torn anterior cruciate ligament in the knee using laparoscopic surgery. Approx. 42 min.]
Scientific American Frontiers: 21st Century Medicine (VHS) PBS Home Video, 2000. Alan Alda narrates conversations with physicians involved in four areas: 0:00-15:00 Computer-guided brain surgery using MRI and brain mapping; 15:00-23:00 Virtual Reality therapy for phobias; 23:00-31:00 Gene therapy; 31:00-42:00 Virtual Surgery; 42:00-end Electrical Muscular Stimulation.
Intro-level Medical Physics Laboratories
See a Powerpoint presentation about our labs at Haverford
These laboratories have been developed with funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. You may use the lab manuals so long as you acknowledge the source. We mention commercial sources for your convenience, but other vendors may offer similar products. See also our Medical Physics Demonstrations homepage for some less expensive ideas. (We have also found that some medical equipment manufacturers are willing to give away free demonstration models of some equipment, and that used medical equipment can be purchased inexpensively through online vendors. Also, you cannot improve on a fieldtrip to a local hospital if that is feasible.)
Optics Laboratory. Pasco Scientific has good basic experiments for optics, including packages for exploring image formation using lenses, the inverse square law falloff of intensity, total internal reflection and fiber optics, the transmission of laser light through various filters (modeling absorption by different tissues) (using their Advanced Optics Systems), andthe operation of the human eye (using their Ray Optics Laser System).
Ultrasound Imaging Laboratory Lab Manual--appropriate for any intro or sophomore level course in waves or medical physics. Uses 3B Scientific ultrasound laboratory equipment.
Radiography with Visible Light--a simple, low-cost series of exercises demonstrating some issues in x-ray image formation.
Computed Tomography with visible light: See this article for a full writeup: "A simple medical physics experiment based on a laser pointer", Colin Delaney and Juan Rodriguez, Am. J. Phys. 70, 1068 (2002) and their website for the backprojection software.
Positron Emission Tomography Laboratory: See this article for a full writeup: "A simple experimental setup to demonstrate the basics of positron emission tomography", Kerstin Sonnabend, Wolfgang Bayer, Peter Mohr, and Andreas Zilges, Am. J. Phys. 70, 929 (2002).
Properties of Ionizing Radiation Laboratory Pasco Scientific and other vendors sells a variety of Nuclear and Gamma Spectroscopy laboratories appropriate for this section. Students can study the energy spectra of radiation emitted by a variety of long-lifetime isotopes; detectors can be purchased to allow detection and spectra analysis of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. The absorption of radiation by foils made from a variety of materials of varying thicknesses can also be studied. The Isotope Generator (Ba-137m) kit allows one to make short-lived isotopes from a "cow" generator system for studying half-lives. You can make measurements of source activity vs. time using their radiation detectors and software, or those from Vernier Software.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging--teaching related concepts in a lab setting: See the website of TeachSpin, which sells experiments on Pulsed NMR, Magnetic Torque and Earth's Field NMR which combined yield an excellent introduction to the principles underlying MRI. Pasco Scientific also sells an Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) experiment useful for illustrating the basic principles of spin resonance.
Virtual X-ray Imaging Laboratory from Duke University