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Experiments have also been conducted with low viscosity fluids in
which the walls of the contanier play an important role in
determining the patterns that are formed. In the case of a stadium
shaped container, at least three modes of the stadium were observed.
These patterns are "scarred", which means that the amplitude is
enhanced along the trajectories of certain classical ray orbits. An
example known as the "Bowtie" mode is shown. Scarred wavefunctions in
irregular shaped geometries were first predicted by Heller in 1984,
and were seen experimentally only recently in microwave cavities.
This example is the first observed scarred pattern in a nonlinear
system.
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