The authors found that less corticosterone was secreted from the adrenal glands as a result of restraint stress.  We wondered, however, if this decreased corticosterone secretion was due to an overall decrease in GC secretion, or rather if it was due to an increased negative-feedback mechanism, something we would suspect handling to produce.  Dr. Sapolsky responded to this by saying that it was most likely a combination of both that ultimately caused the decreased corticosterone secretion.  Click here to see Dr. Sapolsky answer our question on the causes of decreased corticosterone release.  (38:04-38:50)