Only male rats were subjects in this study, yet here the authors mention that the effects of handling were relevant to females as well. Therefore, we asked Dr. Sapolsky why this was the case. Dr. Sapolsky responded by telling us that a follow-up study was conducted on females as well as males, and similar trends were perceived in both sexes. Click here to watch Sapolsky's response to our question. (37:18-37:38)